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Erna Rosenstein (May 17, 1913 - November 10, 2004) was a Polish-Jewish painter and Holocaust survivor. She was part of the Surrealism both as a visual artist and a writer.
She was associated with the pre-war Kraków Group and helped launch the Second Kraków Group after World War II.
Rosenstein attended school in Kraków where she joined the communist organization, International Red Aid (MOPR).
She studied at the Women’s Academy in Vienna (1932-1934) and the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków.
She co-founded the Second Kraków Group. In 1955 she was included in the exhibit Nine Artists along with fellow artist Tadeusz Brzozowski, Maria Jarema, Tadeusz Kantor, , , Jerzy Nowosielski, Jerzy Skarżyński, and . In 1967, a retrospective of her work was held at the Zachęta National Gallery of Art.
During the Polish government antisemitic campaign of in 1968, many Jews were forced from their schools, jobs, and ultimately, the country. This included many artists and friends of Rosenstein's. Her work at this time is noted to reflect this period of heightened antisemitism.
Her work is in the collection of the Art Institute of Chicago In 2021 the Hauser & Wirth Gallery in New York held her first solo exhibition outside of Poland, entitled Once Upon a Time. In 2023 her work was included in the exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery in London.
Rosenstein's brother, the Austrian professor Paul N. Rosenstein-Rodan went on to become a Boston University professor and economist. He coined the term "underdeveloped countries".
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